Analysis Of Samuel Beckett s Waiting For Godot Essay

â€Å"Let s go. We can t. Why not? We re waiting for Godot.† (Beckett 332), one of the most famous lines from Beckett’s â€Å"Waiting for Godot†. Samuel Beckett is a renowned writer of his time. Although most people still question his work, he did much in the reinvention of various genres. As most people would say, Beckett lived a creative life. He was a humorist, poet, and novelist and later turned to theater director. Many authors have written works analyzing Beckett’s work. Our articles of focus are â€Å"Gogo, Didi, and the absent Godot† by Benard Dukore and â€Å"Waiting for Godot† by Richard Begam. Dukore reads it from a religious point of view and the immoral universe. The other writer, Begam interprets the play from a philosophical point of view. This paper analyses both Benard Dukore and Richard Begam’s similarities and differences of writings in comparison to Beckett’s One unusual distinction between the two writings i s the center of the argument, analysis, and criticism. Dukore weaves his argument into human futility, nature, religion and the influence and meanings of character names. Begam, on the other hand, concentrates more on what happens on stage while playing Beckett’s play. What is surprising is that most analysts hold the view that nothing happens in that play. Moreover, Begam analyses deeply the language and literacy techniques used in the play by comparing with other authors’ opinions of the play. It is essential to sink a little bit deeper into analyzing howShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Samuel Beckett s Waiting For Godot Essay1767 Words   |  8 PagesTheatre is a complex art that attempts to weave stories of varying degrees of intricacies with the hope that feelings will be elicited from the audience. Samuel Beckett’s most famous work in the theatre world, however, is Waiting for Godot, the play in which, according to well-known Irish critic Vivian Mercier, â⠂¬Å"nothing happens, twice.† Beckett pioneered many different levels of groundbreaking and avant-garde theatre and had a large influence on the section of the modern idea of presentational theatreRead MoreAnalysis Of Samuel Beckett s Waiting For Godot 1378 Words   |  6 Pageswithout being controlled or stopped. Freedom is the power to act, speak, and think without any hindrance. In Samuel Beckett’s, â€Å"Waiting for Godot,† freedom is one of the main issues throughout the story. Characters are unable to think for themselves, they are being controlled by other character, and they are unable to move about freely. Samuel Beckett’s concept of freedom in â€Å"Waiting for Godot† is being portrayed through the characters of Vladimir, Estragon, Pozzo, and Lucky. Each character is imprisonedRead MoreAnalysis Of Samuel Beckett s Waiting For Godot 1950 Words   |  8 Pagesof time and place in Samuel Beckett’s (1906–1989) Waiting for Godo t (1948) and Salah Abdel Sabour’s (1931–1981) The Princess Waits (Al-Amira Tantazer) (1969). It is an attempt to compare the two plays with regard to the absurd features of time and place with reference to the aspects of the absurd theatre. The reasons for selecting these two plays in particular are: firstly, both plays share the process of waiting which is directly connected with the time and place of waiting; secondly, Abdel SabourRead MoreAnalysis Of Samuel Beckett s Waiting For Godot1667 Words   |  7 PagesBeen Damned Absence of Reason in Religion in Waiting for Godot At first glance, Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot, appears to be an unavailing, pointless play whose only purpose is for comic relief. It is filled with off-topic conversations and awkward silences that seem to show no correlation. However, when the confusing plot is analyzed, it is revealed that the play is an analogy of the futility of religion. The use of language in Waiting for Godot serves to illustrate the theme that religionRead MoreAnalysis Of Samuel Beckett s Waiting For Godot871 Words   |  4 PagesWaiting for Godot, a tragicomedy written in two acts, was written by Samuel Beckett in 1949. The plot of the play revolves around two main characters, Vladimir and Estragon, who wait in hope to meet someone or something named ‘Godot.’ While on the other hand, there is Pozzo and Lucky who appear venturing on the country road. Beckett uses the characters in Waiting for Godot to embody specific meanings to their relationships and how it may parallel to the wo rld as people know it. Vladimir and EstragonRead MoreSamuel Beckett s Waiting For Godot2241 Words   |  9 Pages1429631 17/02/2015 Literature Endgame, Samuel Beckett and Waiting for Godot, Samuel Beckett The vogue for Beckett started with the success of Waiting for Godot which was produced in Paris in 1953. It was his first play apart from one, Eleutheria, written in 1947 which was never published or performed. In 1946, Samuel Beckett wrote Mercier et Camier which according to Ronald Hayman in his critic essay entitled Contempory playrights Samuel Beckett show how the dialogue of the male coupleRead MoreSamuel Becket May Be A Far-Famed Author World Health Organization1750 Words   |  7 PagesSamuel Becket may be a far-famed author World Health Organization introduced the thought of absurdity, nothingness, nihilism and meaninglessness of life. He diagrammatical the absurdity within the lifetime of the individuals. He believed that life is during a circular kind, from wherever it starts, at an equivalent purpose it ends. there s no thought of faith no ethical values, no thought of your time and area in absurdity. Absurdity may be a word that may be explained by reasoning but the f aultRead MoreViolation Of The Maxims Of Cooperative Principle7912 Words   |  32 PagesPrinciple in Samuel Beckett’s Selected Plays. Research Student Mr. Mundhe Ganesh Balavantrao Research Guide Dr. B. A. Jarange Place of Research Institute of Advanced Studies in English, Pune CONTENTS 1) Introduction 2) Rationale of the Study 3) Hypothesis 4) Review of the Research Work 5) Aims and Objectives of the Research Project 6) Data, Methodology and Techniques 7) Plan of Thesis I) Chapter – I (Introduction) II) Chapter – II (Theoretical Framework) III) Chapter – III (Analysis of theRead MoreSamuel Beckett s Waiting For Godot, Endgame, And Not I2331 Words   |  10 Pagesmeaning in a chaotic and uncaring world, and to the playwright Samuel Beckett it is no different. In the works Waiting for Godot, Endgame, and Not I, Samuel Beckett uses elements of nihilism, pessimism, and absurdity to find humor in day-to-day existence, as well as the relationships between the self and others. Before one can analyze Beckett’s work, one must first understand the meanings of nihilism, pessimism, and absurdity in regard to Beckett himself. Nihilism is a term often attributed to inactionRead MoreAN ANALYSIS PAPER ON ANTON CHEKHOV’S THE SEAGULL AND THE CHERRY ORCHARD12092 Words   |  49 PagesHigh School Department A.Y. 2013-2014 In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements In English IV AN ANALYSIS PAPER ON ANTON CHEKHOV’S THE SEAGULL AND THE CHERRY ORCHARD Submitted to: Mrs. Joneth D. Vibar Submitted by: Vincent del Castillo IV-St.Francis of Assisi Outline of Analysis 1 Author’s Style 1.1 Anton Chekhov as a Playwright and Author of Short Stories 1.1.1 Russia’s best known Modern Playwright 1.1.1

Friedman Family Assessment Free Essays

Friedman Family Assessment Darla Lauer NUR/405 August 27, 2012 Beth Edwards, MSN, FNP – BC Friedman Family Assessment The following is a study of a family using the Friedman Family Assessment. â€Å"Public health nurses must have skills to move competently between working with individual families, bridge relationships between families and the community, and advocate for family and community legislating and influence policies that promote and protect the health of populations† (Stanhope Lancaster, 2008, p. 600). We will write a custom essay sample on Friedman Family Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Identifying Data and Composition The personal identifying information such as full name, address, and phone number are not used so the family’s identity remains confidential. The assessment of the family revealed a complex system. This is a nuclear/blended family with traditional male/female roles. Each spouse has two children from previous marriages. Those children are grown, married with children, and live in different cities. They share a son aged 12. Each member brings his or her own expectations to the group. Their dress, eating habits, and health views are typical of middle-class American. They eat three main meals a day with snacks and are very cognizant of caloric balance. LB states that she has a regular appetite but, she also states that she has lost 51 pounds this past year. Her current weight is 169 pounds and she is 5 foot 7 inches. LB has a body mass index (BMI) of 25. 5, which is overweight, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (â€Å"Centers For Disease Control And Prevention†, n. d. ). JB is 5 foot 9 inches and 190 pounds. AB is 5 foot 5 inches and 110 pounds. They see the doctor every two to three months a year as instructed for health check-ups. The ethnic makeup of the family members shows LB is white, born, and reared in New York. JB is Hispanic, born, and reared in Puerto Rico. AB is White/Hispanic, born, and reared in Orlando, FL. They state their religious preference is Catholic, but rarely attend formal church. LB has a diploma degree and works as a registered nurse. JB is a mechanic and has a twelfth-grade educational level, attained in Puerto Rico. AB is attending 7th grade at Deltona Middle School. According to â€Å"The New York Times† (n. d. ), this family is â€Å"upper-middle class† (Class Matters A Special Section). LB likes to cook, breed German Shepherd dogs, and read. She is actively involved in the Democratic Party and has met President Obama several times. JB likes to watch sports or work on his project restoration car. AB is involved in baseball and many days are spent at practice or games. Developmental State and History of Family This household is presently in Friedman’s fourth stage of development, family with school aged children. The â€Å"Family developmental and life cycle theory explains and predicts the changes that occur to families and its members over time† (Stanhope Lancaster, 2008, p. 10). The main tasks of concern in this family is to socialize the shared child, including promoting school achievement and fostering of healthy peer relations of the child. The other tasks for this stage are maintaining a satisfying marital relationship and meeting the physical health needs of family members (Friedman, 1998). The family appears to be accomplishing their tasks well and will soon transition to Friedman’s fifth state of development. At the present time, LB is in fairly good health, she has lost weight and her rheumatoid arthritis is well maintained. She takes Methotrexate 25 mg PO weekly. JB is in good health except for high blood pressure that is maintained on medication, He takes Amlodipine-Benaz 10/40 mg 1 po qd and Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg po 1 qd. LB and JB share family chores such as laundry and the cooking. AB has chores assigned such as taking out the trash, yard work, and he is responsible for his room and his bathroom. LB was born in America on July14, 1962 to Italian American parents. JB was born in Puerto Rico on March 28, 1963, and his one surviving parent, mother, still resides in Puerto Rico. LB completed high school in New York and went on to complete a diploma nursing program in 1987. She was married once previously and has two grown children from that marriage. JB completed high school in Puerto Rico, moved to the United States when he was 24. He was married once previously and has two grown children from that marriage. He works as a mechanic. AB is presently in 7th grade. Environmental Data The family’s home was built in 1985 and is 2500 sq. ft. and is one level. Entering through the front door, the main living room, dining, and kitchen area are viewable. It is an open floor plan with the bedrooms all on one side of the house. There are four bedrooms and two and a half baths. A bedroom is an office for both LB and JB. The entire flooring structure is tile. They are on the city water. There are two dogs in the home. There are functioning carbon monoxide detectors and smoke detectors in the house. The house is very neat, clean, and organized. They live in a suburban neighborhood; the closest neighbor is within 100 feet. The closest relatives they see on a regular basis are JB’s mother who visits once a year. Otherwise, they rely on friends and neighbors for support. The closest hospital is approximately ten minutes away and the local fire and police stations are approximately five minutes away. While there is crime in the area, it is usually small time theft as reported by LB and JB. The atmosphere of the neighborhood is of an older development. The neighborhood is clean, well maintained, and children can be seen playing in the yards. LB and JB moved to this present location 20 years ago. Before that they lived separately. LB, JB, and AB are busy and spend most of their free time at home. Both parents are active with AB’s baseball team and LB is the team mom. JB fills in as an assistant coach when needed. Family Structure and Functions Communication patterns in the family are open. LB and JB are open, honest, and have a good sense of humor regarding their marriage, previous marriages, children, and outlook on life. LB and JB are knowledgeable about each others’ illnesses. The values the family possesses are hard work, open, and define themselves spiritually as Catholics, however, non-practicing. LB and JB state they share all decisions with regard to home, children, and finances. LB manages the banking and budget. LB sets the menu, and grocery shopping is done together. They share the cooking for dinner and state that they generally eat dinner together as a family. Affective and socialization functions in this family are normal. LB and JB provide the care and love best suited to teach AB the skills, values, and norms of society and their subculture. Affection is displayed by hugging, touching, and verbalization. The health of the family is the very important to LB and JB. LB oversees all of this as she is a nurse. Health is seen as managing their chronic disease processes, staying fit, and eating healthy. LB does not smoke, however, JB admits to smoking intermittently with either a cigarette or cigar. He reports always smoking outside the home. The entire family receives regularly recommended vaccines. LB has increased her exercise regimen and joined a gym. Though not overweight, JB rarely exercises. AB is very active and normal 12 year-old. Dental health has not been a priority for the adult family members though they report that AB has had regular dental check-ups and cleaning completed. Family Stress and Coping The family together advised me that there are no major stresses right now. LB and JB both verbalize concern over economics and the future of their jobs and ability to maintain their lifestyle should the economic outlook worsen for the country. LB also verbalizes her concern that her rheumatoid arthritis that has caused some joint deformity could worsen. She notices a change in the fine motor skill of her hands and strength. AB states he worries his team is not going to win their division. Both parents indicate that they routinely sit down with AB and discuss what is going on in school and in his life in general. The family indicates that they have family round table discussions concerning any major issues. The family respectfully listened and used good conversation skills without attacking each other throughout the interview. Family Nursing Diagnoses The priority nursing diagnosis for this family is impaired dentition related to ineffective oral hygiene as evidenced by LB and JB’s gum erosion, missing teeth, and discoloration of enamel. Another nursing diagnosis is impaired physical mobility related to musculoskeletal impairment as evidenced by LB’s joint malformation, complaints of decreased fine motor skill, and strength. A third diagnosis is ineffective airway clearance related to smoke inhalation as evidenced by JB’s verbalization of smoking (Ladwig Ackley, 2011). Community Health Nursing Interventions For the priority nursing diagnosis, one intervention is to recommend LB and JB see a dentist as soon as possible. Recommend using a rotation oscillation power toothbrush for removal of dental plaque two to three times a day. Another intervention is to ascertain the family’s present knowledge of dental hygiene and educate family on proper mechanics of brushing teeth, the use of floss, and brushing the tongue. A third intervention, recommending that the family continue to eat a balanced diet and limit simple sugars and carbonated sodas. It is imperative that a nurse complete a thorough assessment on all clients. â€Å"Using excellent communication skills, nurses help families determine the priority of issues they are confronting, identify their needs, and develop a plan of action. Family members are experts in their own health† (Stanhope Lancaster, 2008, p. 612). References Centers for disease control and prevention. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov Friedman, M. M. (1998). Family Nursing. (4th ed. ) Stanford, CT: Appleton Lange. Ladwig, G. B. , Ackley, B. J. (2011). Mosby’s Guide to Nursing Diagnosis (3rd ed. ). Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Stanhope, M. , Lancaster, J. (2008). Public Health Nursing: Population-centered health care in the community (8th ed. ). Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier. The New York Times. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com How to cite Friedman Family Assessment, Essay examples

Cyber Bullying Increasing Rapidly in Singapore †Free Samples

Question: Is Cyber Bullying Becoming A Social Ill Day By Day? Answer: Brief of the interview In this section a brief of an important interview of the C.E.O of the leading newspaper corporation located in Singapore. This interview was broadcast in the New Asia Channel of Singapore as the topic of the interview is a very sensitive one regarding the cyber-bullying that is increasing rapidly in Singapore. Statistics of the issue The interviewee stated that it is statistically proven that 1 out of every 4 students of Singapore has faced cyber bullying and that has harmed their way of living the life. Under the supervision of Mr. Zhang Wei, who is the interviewee, a team of 12 people did a series of interviews of the students of Singapore and did a thorough survey regarding this burning issue. After the investigation, some horrible facts were revealed and the team was shocked to see that currently the 1/3rd of the student population of Singapore has faced cyber bullying at least once in their student life and the rate of facing such issues are more for the students of primary schools and that is more shocking (Barlett et al 2014). Root cause To find the cause it was revealed that the issue is more deep-rooted than it was predicted. It was seen that, the victims of cyber bullying suffer badly but the people who bullies others are actually going through a huge mental turmoil and that leads them to engage in such practices. The suicide rate of these bullies are actually 2 to 3 times more than the victims of cyber bullying and this is a fact that is worth putting in some stress on it. To do the research work it was seen that the rate of suicides among the teenagers and the young adults are higher than most of the South-East Asian countries. Mr. Wei added that it is not rare that the friends influenced some individuals to bully someone and to prove himself sometimes some students bully others using the cyber platform and these kinds of activities needs to be stopped and parents should invest more time with their kids to monitor their activities especially at the time of adolescence as that is the most vulnerable phase of any child. Initiatives of government Considering these issues government of Singapore has passed a law regarding cyber bullying and that explained that if the inappropriate contents from the internet will be taken down and the uploader will be penalized according to the severity of their actions. After implementing the law it is seen that rate of cyber bullying has gone down and that is where the success of implementing the new law lies (Kwan and Skoric, 2013). Speech Director of Ministry of Education on Cyber bullying, a burning issue of Singapore At the graduation ceremony of reputed Queens College of Singapore, Mr. Shengwah Kagawa, the director of Ministry of Education of Singapore was invited and he gave a speech regarding the burning contemporary issue of cyber bullying that is majorly affecting the students off Singapore. He said that recently the rate of cyber bullying was enhanced in a significant manner and the rate was alarming for the government. In many cases the victims of cyber bullying committed suicide and they have suffered badly. This issue raised a few questions among the parents and they have signed a petition urging for an amendment in the rules and regulations regarding this issue (Holt, Chee and Bossler 2013). He added that after considering the situation parliament have passed a new law and the new law became much stricter than the previous one. It was seen that after implementing the law the rate of cyber bullying actually decreased significantly (Teh 2014). After that the ministry of education has deci ded that in the schools the pupils should be taught the negative impact of the cyber bullying so that they do not get engaged in such practices. Kagawa added that in the last academic year almost 70 pupils committed suicide and out of them 50 to 55 were the victims of cyber bullying and 10 to 15 individuals were engaged in cyber bullying activities. It is a matter of fact that cyber bullying has become a social ill in the land of Singapore and the government has to step forward to eradicate such social ill from the society. Kagawa said that the parents need to give more time to their wards in order to keep them away from all sorts of provocations to get diverted from their goals. The parents and the management of the primary and secondary schools should be aware of the fact that no student should be exposed in front of any form of cyber bullying and if any student is seen suffering from these issues the issues must be resolved right away before it becomes serious (Ang, Huan and Flor ell, 2014). The laws against cyber bullying is now more strict than ever and this is helping the situation, but the fact is one should not stay relaxed depending upon the rules and regulations and a proper awareness regarding the issue must be raised. Considering this situation, the ministry of education has decided to deploy a team of 10 people who would supervise the educational institutions and will check online forums regarding this social ill. While concluding his speech, Kagawa said that by spreading the news regarding the cyber bullying and incessantly broadcasting these issues on social media and national TV might help the situation. Lastly he added that along with the teachers and parents the students should be aware of this issue and if they face any sort of cyber bullying they should report to the higher authorities. References Ang, R.P., Huan, V.S. and Florell, D., 2014. Understanding the relationship between proactive and reactive aggression, and cyberbullying across United States and Singapore adolescent samples.Journal of interpersonal violence,29(2), pp.237-254. Holt, T.J., Chee, G., Ng, E.A.H. and Bossler, A.M., 2013. Exploring the consequences of bullying victimization in a sample of Singapore youth.International Criminal Justice Review,23(1), pp.25-40. Bhat, C.B. and Ragan, M.A., 2013. Cyberbullying in Asia. . Hinduja, S. and Patchin, J.W., 2014.Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying. Corwin Press. Kwan, G.C.E. and Skoric, M.M., 2013. Facebook bullying: An extension of battles in school.Computers in Human Behavior,29(1), pp.16-25. Singhal, P. and Bansal, A., 2013. Improved textual cyberbullying detection using data mining.International Journal of Information and Computation Technology,3(6), pp.569-576. Teh, M.K., 2014. Principals and Legal Risks: Contrasting Perspectives. Barlett, C.P., Gentile, D.A., Anderson, C.A., Suzuki, K., Sakamoto, A., Yamaoka, A. and Katsura, R., 2014. Cross-cultural differences in cyberbullying behavior: A short-term longitudinal study.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,45(2), pp.300-313.

Merce Cunningham Essays - Guggenheim Fellows,

Merce Cunningham Merce Cunningham: Pioneer of Modern Dance In the age of conformity, Merce Cunningham has resisted the temptation to remain aligned with his peers. Cunningham has pioneered a new school of thought in dance, and has set the standard for future pioneers. He is passionate about what he does and it has been evident in his works as a dancer and a choreographer. Cunningham was born on April 16, 1919, in Centralia, Washington. At the age of twelve, Cunningham became interested in dance and started informal instruction. Upon graduation from high school, Cunningham began his formal dance instruction at the Cornish School of Fine and Applied Arts. After two years at the Cornish School, he studied at Mills College and at Bennington College; this is where he was invited to join Martha Grahams dance company in 1939. Graham was an incredible dancer who also choreographed during her career. While dancing for Graham, Cunningham began to make a name for himself in the dancing community. It was with Grahams encouragement that Cunningham started to choreograph on his own. His decision to start choreographing can be looked at as one of the most important decisions in the history of dance. With the encouragement of John Cage, a composer, Cunningham left Martha Grahams Dance Company in 1945 to pursue a fulltime partnership with Cage. The two men would go on to have a very storied career. On the night of April 6, 1944, at the Humphrey Weidman Studio, Cunningham and Cage performed their first solo recital. In attendance that night was acclaimed dance critic, Edwin Denby. When he was actively reviewing, Edwin Denby was this countrys most respected critic of the dance(Klosty 215). Cunninghams first performance captured Denby from the very beginning with Cunninghams amazing steps, runs, and knee bends and he described them as brilliant in lightness and speed. Denby was also impressed by Cunninghams gifts as a lyric dancer. Denbys first review of Cunningham helped launch his career forward. Denby ended his review of Cunninghams first solo performance by saying I have never seen a first solo recital that combined such taste, such technical finish, such originality of dance mat erial, and so sure a manner of presentation. Before the 1940s, expressionist was the leading form of modern dance. Cunningham on the other hand, was opposed to this type of dance and started to develop his own unique form of dance. While Graham had usually structured her dances around a certain narrative, Cunningham developed choreography by chance, a technique in which isolated movements are assigned sequence by such random methods as tossing a coin(Britannica Online). Cunningham rejected the literary and psychological themes of Graham(Encarta). In 1953, Cunningham began the Merce Cunningham Dance Company at Black Mountain College. Cage became instrumental in the success and future of Cunninghams newly started Dance Company. Cage would help out in all facets of the dance company ranging from program designer to fund raiser. Cunningham and Cage shared the same belief that dance and music can survive independently of one another. This type of thought was completely different from what Cunningham had experienced with Graham. Howe ver, in some sense all of their dancing somehow revolved around music in one way or the other. The music Cunningham used in his productions would sometimes be impossible to dance to in the conventional way. John Cage was once quoted as saying: Merce Cunningham developed his own school of dancing and choreography, the continuity of which no longer relies on linear elements, be they narrative or psychological, nor does it rely on a movement towards and away from climax. As in abstract painting, it is assumed that an element (a movement, a sound, a change of light) is in and of itself expressive; what it communicates is in large part determined by the observer himself. (Merce Biography) This new style of dance demanded the most out of the dancers in Cunninghams company. Everything they knew about traditional dancing had to be forgotten in order to be successful in Cunninghams innovative style. Traditional stage space was even something that Cunningham had abandoned. Since the Renaissance Period, the center of the stage had always been the center of gravity(Klosty 12). Klosty compared the stage to a class society where the center of

How to Increase Your Happiness by Giving Gifts

How to Increase Your Happiness by Giving Gifts I saw a post on Facebook this week from a mom who is advocating that all families get inexpensive gifts for their children so that kids with less aren’t â€Å"heartbroken.† I’m no social economist, but I’m pretty sure if this mom got her way, it would not be good for the global economy. And, while I’m also not a huge fan of conspicuous consumption and I’d like to see everyone getting meaningful gifts for their children, something struck me as â€Å"off† about trying to protect poor children from the pain of seeing other children get big fancy gifts. Isn’t it more important that we all appreciate the value of the gifts we are given? And that we put care into the gifts we give? Studies have shown that giving gifts is a source of happiness even more than receiving them. As reported by Harvard-trained researcher Shawn Achor in his Success Magazine article, â€Å"How (And Why) To Give The Perfect Gift,† â€Å"people who are constantly giving to their families and friends are significantly happier than those who are not.† Regardless of the gift, says Achor, it’s the thoughtfulness that counts- not only for the receiver, but for the giver too. Increasing the anticipation and time put into gift choice and, when applicable, gift creation, gives more joy to the person giving! Even if the recipient doesn’t appreciate the gift as much as the giver desired, the giver has had weeks or months of joy leading up the moment of giving. That’s worth a lot. Choosing the Right Gift I’m in a leadership group where we throw birthday parties for every member of the group and purchase gifts for the birthday boy or girl. The process of choosing a gift is always enlightening. We want it to be something they’ll enjoy, that they wouldn’t get for themselves, and that they won’t throw in the corner and never use. We prefer not to default to Amazon gift cards since we want to show that thought was put into the gift- even if the person has been in our group for only a week! To jump start the process, we get a list from the recipient of things they would want, and we collaborate from there. Gifts have included energy healing sessions, movie popcorn machines, shirts and ties, cologne, and tickets to Disney World. Without fail, the gifts we give hit the mark and we all get to watch birthday person’s excitement when they discover what we’ve given them. When we know people well, it’s usually easy to choose a gift that will light them up, whether that’s something we make by hand, a computer-generated photo album, or an expensive electronic gadget (drone anyone?) I recently discovered the â€Å"subscription-box† option where you can give someone a monthly box of something they will love! In particular, BetterBox seems like a thoughtful choice: a service which delivers monthly boxes with themes like gratitude, creativity, better sleep, and paying it forward. What a great gift for someone who can use incentive for self-care or slowing down! If are close to someone, you’ll probably be able to find the perfect box subscription for them- and it will last all year! Creating Satisfaction There are all kinds of ways to make gift-giving satisfying and joy-inducing for everyone involved. Choosing a charity to give money too has become another popular, and fulfilling, option. One thing’s for sure: Throwing money at a last-minute gift won’t produce a lot of joy- while regardless of cost, a thoughtful gift will bring light to both the giver’s and the recipient’s lives. To the mom on Facebook, I say this: Instead of trying to limit the types of gifts other people give to their kids, how about starting a campaign for all of us to be thoughtful about our gifts, and to value thoughtfulness over price tag, no matter what our budget? Now that would be a cause I could support with gusto.

Applying Student Development Theories to Experiences of Interviewees

Introduction As a practitioner of student affairs, use and understanding of student development theory is an important element in our responsibility. We have to learn how to apply different theories to specific situations where our students appear on the university campus. Student development theory is also important to understand why students can act in their own way. The theory of student development can be defined as a way to improve the ability of a student to grow after enrolling in a higher education institution, the ability to grow, or the ability. Heggins and Jackson (2003) focuses on applying student development and transition theory to understand the experience of Asian international students at university. After interviewing 28 Asian international students, I found that Asian students participating in the survey are seeking family and social support to deal with problems and challenges. Researchers recommend that teachers, resource centers, and student services provide cou nseling opportunities to enable Asian international students to make better use of existing social support networks. International Higher Education Education and Learning 2009, Vol. 22, No. 3, 374-385 http://www.isetl.org/ijtlhe/ ISSN 1812-9129 The purpose of this paper is to apply two development theories to development events in the respondents' life by questionnaire. The purpose of this article is to achieve a clear identification of the events occurring in respondents' lives. It will be discussed throughout the article, that is, they go out of the family for the first time. After that, in this paper, we outline the method of creating questionnaires and managing questionnaires. Then this article will continue to introduce Albert Bandura, the first development theorist. A brief discussion on the second development theorist Urie Bronfenbrenner and his ecological theory follows. In this article, we analyze respondents' responses in detail and explore the relationship between two the orists Bandura and Bronfenbrenner. Finally, this paper reflects the continuing relevance of the application of development theory and their development theory in the own experience of the interviewee by summarizing and summarizing all the information discussed in the thesis It is aimed to do. A respondent of this case study was a 28-year-old woman born in Victoria, Australia. In this case study, the development event she was asked was the first time she left the family. This is an important development event, but it will not give pressure or discomfort to respondents during the discussion. The questionnaire was created based on the theory of Albert Bandura and Urie Bronfenbrenner. Since these questions are aimed first to obtain some historical information about respondents,

Health and Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health and Safety - Essay Example Another recommendation was the Deregulation Unit was required to work on guide by the end of 1993 on formulation and implementation of EC law in the UK. Member states indeed have a delay experience on the state of implementation of EU law in transposition of directive as shown by statistics. There is usually an incomplete or incorrect transposition as indicated by statistics of infringement proceedings. In 2002-2005, there has been transposition and application of directive cases up to 78 per cent of them initiated by the European Union against Member States. This indicates very clearly that a problem is experienced by Member States in determining the national method of implementation to give effect to directives. (Hall, Smith and Tsukalis, 2001) Better Regulation Task Force has always urged the UK government on the need for a better and regulatory impact assessment since the problem of "gold plating" is still continuing. The European Commission impact assessments that are supposed to be attached to their legislative proposals are not comprehensive. In addition to the financial impact of the business, it is recommended that their scope is supposed to be extended to require social and environmental impact assessment.

E learning Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

E learning - Thesis Example s the administrative barriers and financial barriers, which are introducing several challenges for the primary public schools in Saudi Arabia and preventing in the implementation of e-learning in the primary public schools in Saudi Arabia. The aims of this particular research study are highlighted below: The prime aim of this particular research study is to determine how the primary public schools of Saudi Arabia are facing the problems in adopting e-learning. Based on these particular research aims, the different research questions have been framed, which are depicted below: The prime aim of the research study is to determine the technical, personal, administrative, and financial barriers, which are affecting the success of the e-learning process in the primary public schools of Saudi Arabia. Based on this particular research aim, a research framework has been formulated with the aim of having a better understanding about process based on which the research methodology will be conducted. The research framework is provided hereunder. A quantitative approach is a specific educational research method through which a researcher can decide about what to study and what to be analysed. Moreover, it suggests how to do the research more specifically by considering the research questions. In addition, it is highly essential to collect quantifiable data from the participants in order to have a better understanding of the research objective. This research approach also assists to identify the outcome of the research more accurately. Thus, during data analysis, it is highly essential to use SPSS program to conducts the inquiry in an unbiased manner. Rationally, it can be claimed that this particular research approach has been chosen for the study, as the research method seems to be quite reliable in nature. Apart from this, through the incorporation of this research method, several complexities of the research method can be reduced while conducting the research study. At

A Several Specific Voltaire’s Quotes Essay Example for Free

A Several Specific Voltaire’s Quotes Essay There are several specific quotes which depicts how Voltaire tried to champion or fight for the goals, beliefs and vision of a society that is enlightened. Some of these quotes include: â€Å"As long as people believe in absurdities they will continue to commit atrocities.† This is a very important quote by Voltaire in the society because it acts as an illustration of how a society would be if people cont9onue to hold on to absurdities. The things that people in the society need to believe in should be things that bring progress and not things that continue to generate controversies as well as misleading the society. Through this quote, Voltaire was trying to warn the society from believing in absurdities which would result in atrocities in the society. This quote encourages people to believe in positivity and avoid things that will only destroy the society. Therefore, through this quote, Voltaire is seen to be championing for goals, beliefs and visions of the society in terms of living in harmony and avoiding atrocities. The other quote is, â€Å"I do not agree with what you say, but I’ll defend to death your right to say it.† This is another important quote through which Voltaire is seen to champion for the beliefs, goals and vision of the society. Every individual has the right of speech and freedom of expression hence no one should be prevented from airing their views or opinions as long as they do not infringe on the rights of others. It is not necessary for everyone to agree with each other on ideologies. Therefore, by supporting the rights of other people, a society will be able achieve its goals, visions and maintain positive beliefs. From the quotes by Voltaire, there are many of them that I find quite fascinating and intriguing. However, the one that I consider to be my favorite quote is the one that says, â€Å"Every man is guilty of all the good he did not do.† This is one quote that touches on our behavior as human beings in this world hence the reason I chose it as m y favorite quote. The wit presented by Voltaire through this quote is admirable. In life, we as human beings we have the opportunities where we can be able to do good but in many occasions, people become so selfish that they cannot do anything good. If everyone would make use of the opportunities they have to â€Å"do good in the society†, there would be no vices in the society, crimes would be eradicated and many problems that people face such as poverty would be eliminated. This quote depicts what I yearn for in this world, to see everyone working for the good of all despite the differences that exist. I personally believe that if people â€Å"do good† the world would be a better place but we all fall short of this virtue of always doing good. Instead we have embraced selfishness and only pursue things that are of personal benefit and interest. Therefore, I completely agree that we are all guilty for not having done anything good despite having the opportunities. After reading all the quotes by Voltaire, I must admit that the quotes are quite good and interesting as they touch on the lives of human beings and provide guidance on how to live this life. However, there are quotes which I failed to understand why Voltaire would say such things. I was left wondering of Voltaire was only putting forward his own thoughts and never did enough research. One of the quotes that I consider to be my least favorite and disagreeable is the one that says, â€Å"History is only the register of crimes and misfortunes.† I find this quote to be quite misleading especially to the modern generation. Does it mean that there are no good things that happened in history? Is everything recorded as history that bad? This is disagreeable considering that there are a lot of good things which happened in history and have been clearly documented. The thinking of Voltaire in this quote is narrowed and disoriented with no facts. Inventions took place in the past and these have helped shape the modern world. Therefore, I totally disagree with Voltaire on this quote as it is misleading and does not contao9n any facts about historical happenings. After reading the numerous quotes by Voltaire, I would say that the views presented by Voltaire are mixed views and a combination of several things. The quotes provided by Voltaire are quite helpful in the society because they advise, warn, encourage and provide guidance on how to live as a society. Voltaire portrays the society as one that needs guidance of which he provides through several quotes such as â€Å"I do not agree with what you say, but I’ll defend to death your right to say it.† On the other hand, some of the quotes show pessimism such as the quote on history as a registry when he says, â€Å"History is only the register of crimes and misfortunes.† Voltaire also sounds helpful when he says, â€Å"Let us work without theorizing, tis the only way to make life endurable.† Therefore, it can be observed that it is a mixture of things in the life of human beings that are presented in the quotes by Voltaire. References Morley, John. Voltaire. London: Chapman and Hall, 1872. Print. Source document

Maggies Ozymandias Essay -- Analysis, Percy Shelley

In developing an insightful central theme, Percy Shelley avails of two potent literary tools, imagery and irony, to jolt readers with a striking epiphany. Imagery for one, navigates the audience to what is truly emphasized in the poem: literary art as opposed to physical, plastic art. It also serves to characterize a key figure in the poem—Ozymandias—whom is ascribed as having cold, arrogant, and pretentious qualities. The speaker juxtaposes the words inscribed on the pedestal with the image of dilapidated monuments and the bare boundless sands which surround it. When these two vivid descriptions contrast, the visual imagery, through this juxtaposition, actually buttresses situational irony. In fact, situational irony dominates and governs the reader’s very impression of the former pharaoh at the conclusion of the poem; worn down and disintegrated, Ozymandias’ monument portrays an image of wreckage and unimportance; whereas, the poem itself portrays an i mage, which withstanding time, has successfully attempted what Ozymandias himself desired: everlasting fame and a lasting legacy. By using imagery and irony, Shelley conveys the idea that poetical verses, linguistic expressions, and literary legacies outlast those of monumental and architectural form. Interestingly enough, Shelley employs the phrase â€Å"antique land† (1) to start out; the diction in this instance highlights the setting, and our perspective of time, for antiquity denotes the belonging to the past and not being modern. The style in which the poem is rendered is reminiscent of a folk tale’s recital since we are told the story through an obscure traveller and the reader is naturally drawn into the mysticism and mystery. However, in this way, Shelley distances the audie... ...initely. So the wreckage which remained scarcely survived the sands of time. So in this way, the reader perceives that a legacy through a mere monument is a legacy which fades. So what is left of Ozymandias? The poem itself—and further, the poem actually slights at the very heart of the former king’s desired legacy. We see that, in fact, how easily the Pharaoh, whom monuments had once been built for and who once ruled a great empire, is easily thwarted in the reader’s mind by linguistic expressions, by delicate subtle phrases, and by literary persuasion. Shelley’s work perpetuates through the years to remind many of Ozymandias. On the other hand, we also see that the endurance of physical art, monumental designs, and sculptures as a medium of legacy is inferior to that of the mighty, powerful literary weapons Shelley wields from his arsenal of ink and parchment.

Oops (Bca)

Punjab Technical University Jalandhar Syllabus Scheme (1st to 6th Semester) For Bachelors in Computer Applications (BCA) Applicable from August 2005 & Onwards STUDY SCHEME FOR BCA SEMESTER -1 Code BCA-101 BCA-102 BCA-103 BCA-104 BCA-105 BCA-106 BCA -107 BCA -108 TOTAL SEMESTER -2 Code BCA-201 BCA-202 BCA-203 BCA-204 BCA-205 BCA -206 BCA -207 TOTAL Subject Principles of Management System Analysis & Design Math-I (Discrete) Data Structures Digital Ckt. & Logic Design Hardware Lab-I (BC -205) Software Lab-III (BC-204) L 48 48 48 24 32 200 P 0 0 0 24 16 40 TOTAL 48 48 48 48 48 240 INT. 5 25 25 25 25 25 25 175 EXT. 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 525 TOTAL MARKS 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 700 Subject Introduction to Information Technology Math (Bridge Course) Basic Accounting Programming in C Communication Skills (Business Communication) Communication & Soft Skills Software Lab –I(BC-101 & 103 Software Lab –II(BC-104) L 24 48 32 24 48 30 206 P 24 0 16 24 0 64 TOTAL 48 48 48 48 48 30 2 70 INT. 25 25 25 25 25 50 25 25 225 EXT. 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 525 TOTAL MARKS 100 100 100 100 100 50 100 100 750SEMESTER – 3 Code BCA-301 BCA-302 BCA-303 BCA-304 BCA-305 BCA -306 BCA -307 TOTAL SEMESTER -4 Code Subject L P TOTAL INT. EXT. TOTAL MARKS Subject Math-II (Computer Oriented Methods) Management Information Systems Software Engineering Object Oriented Programming in C++ Introduction to Microprocessor Software Lab –IV (BC-304) Hardware Lab –II (BC-305) L 30 40 40 32 32 174 P 18 0 0 32 16 66 TOTAL 48 40 40 64 48 240 INT. 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 175 EXT. 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 525 TOTAL MARKS 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 700 BCA-401 BCA-402 BCA-403 BCA-404 BCA -405 BCA -406 BCA -407Computer Networks Data Base Management System Computer System Architecture Operating System Workshop on Visual Basic Software Lab –V (BC-402) Software Lab –VI (BC-405) Unix /Linux 36 40 48 36 24 144 0 20 0 12 24 96 36 60 48 48 48 240 25 25 25 25 100 25 25 250 75 75 75 75 0 75 75 450 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 700 SEMESTER -5 Code BCA-501 BCA-502 BCA-503 BCA-504 BCA -505 BCA -506 BCA -507 TOTAL Subject Internet Applications and Java System Software Computer Graphics Operation Research Software Lab –VII (Major Project I) Software Lab –VIII (BC-501) Software Lab –IX (BC-503) 148 L 36 36 36 40 P 36 0 12 0 44 92 TOTAL 72 36 48 40 44 240 INT. 5 25 25 25 25 25 25 175 EXT. 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 525 TOTAL MARKS 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 700 SEMESTER -6 Code BCA-601 BCA-602 BCA -603 BCA -604 BCA -605 BCA -606 BCA -607 TOTAL Subject Artificial Intelligence Handling Operating Systems Software Lab –X (Major Project II) Software Lab –XI (Web Designing) Software Lab –XII (BC-602) Seminar (BC-603) Comprehensive Viva-Voce L 48 48 96 P 0 48 80 16 144 TOTAL 48 96 80 16 240 INT. 25 25 25 25 25 100 225 EXT. 75 75 75 75 75 100 525 TOTAL MARKS 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 700 SEMESER -1 BCA-101 .Introduction to Information Techn ology INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ Section I Computer Fundamentals: Number Systems, History of Computers, Block diagram of computer & detailed significance of each part. Study of I/O devices : Keyboard, Hard disk, Floppy disk, CD-ROM, DVD, Plotters, Scanners, mouse, Printers: Dot matrix, Laser, Thermal Inkjet, VDU. Section II Primary & secondary memories. Introduction to Operatin g Systems & its functions Definition of Simple batch processing, multiprogramming, multiprocessing, real-time, time-sharing systems, Concept of Spooling, Section III Typical DOS commands, making simple batch files.Application of Computers in various fields : Defense, Industry, Management, Sports, Commerce, Internet. omputer and communication: Single user, Multi-user, Workstations, and Overview of LAN, WAN: Overview of modem, E-Mail, Fax Internet facilities through WWW BCA-102. BRIDGE COURSE IN MATHEMATICS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III.The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Set relations and functions: elements of a set, methods of describing a set, types of set, Venn diagram, operations on sets, union, interSection Ind difference of set, Duality, partioning of a set, trigonometric functions.Section II Binomial theorem and principle of mathematics induction Introduction to matrix, properties of matrix; evaluation of determinant, minor and cofactors and properties of determinant Section III Statistics: introduction to statistics, collection, and tabulation of data, mean, median and mode. BCA-103. Basic Accounting Section I Basic Accounting: Introduction, importance and scope, concepts and conventionsGenerally accepted accounting principles-double entry framework Basic concepts of Journals, ledgers, purchase book, sales book, cashbook. Section II Preparation of financial statements: Profit and loss account and balance sheet.Nature, scope, advantage and limitations of management accounting. Section III Sources of raising of capital in corporate undertaking –simple treatment to issue of shares, forfeiture of shares and re – issue of forfeited shares. Application of computers in accounting. BCA-104. Programming in ‘C’ INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly.Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _______________________________________________________________ ______ Section I Fundamentals: Character set, Identifiers & Keywords, Data Types, constants, set, constants, variables, expressions, statement, symbolic constants. Operations and expressions: Arithmetic operators, unary operators, relational and logical operators, assignment and conditional operators, and library functions.Data input and output: Preliminaries, single character input, single character output, entering input data, more about the scanf function, writing output data, more about printf function, the gets and puts function, interactive programming. Section II Control statements: Preliminaries, while, do-while and for statements. Nested loops, if else, switch, break continue statement. Functions: Brief overview, defining accessing function, passing perimeters to function, specifying argument data types, function prototype and recursion.Program structure: Storage classes, automatic, external, and static variables, more about library functions. Array: defining and processing an array, passing pointers to a function, pointer and one dimensional arrays, operations on pointers, passing functions multidimensional arrays of pointers, passing functions to the other functions, more about pointer declarations. Section III Structure And Unions: Defining and processing a structure, user defined data types, structure and Pointers, passing structure to function, self-referential structures, and unions.Data files: Opening, closing, creating, and processing and unformatted data field. C-programming applications: Sorting (Bubble sort, Selection sort), Searching (Binary search, Linear Search). BCA-105. COMMUNICATION SKILLS (BUSINESS COMMUNICATION) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the enti re syllabus uniformly.Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to Business Communication: Meaning and Definition, Process and Classification of communication, Elements & Characteristics of communication. Corporate communication: Formal and Informal Communication, Grapevine, Communication barriers, Importance of communication. Section II Principles of Effective Communications: 7 Cs ConceptWritten communication: Meaning, objectives and essentials of effective written communication, media or types of Written communication. Non – Verbal Communication: Importance, forms or Media, Kinesics. Effective Listening: meaning, nature and importance of good listening, types of listening Principles of effective listen ing, factors affecting listening, barriers in listening, difference between hearing and listening. Section III Writing Skills – Short Compositions: Classified Advertisements, Situation Vacant, Situation wanted, Career Guidance, Counseling, Lost and found, Sale / Purchase, To – let.Notices – General / Public Notices, Tender Notices, Auction Notices. Letter Writing: Official letters, Placing orders, Sending Replies, Letters to Editors, Application for job. Comprehension Passages (From text book only comprehension question should be asked, No general question) BCA-106. COMMUNICATION AND SOFT SKILLS Essentials of Grammar: Parts of Speech, Punctuation, Vocabulary Building, Phonetics Office Management : Types of Correspondence, Receipt and Dispatch of Mail, Filing Systems, Classification of Mail. Role & Function of Correspondence, MIS, Managing Computer Letter & Resume Writing: Types of Letters-Formal / Informal, Importance and Function, Drafting the Applications, Ele ments of Structure, Preparing the Resume, Do’s & Don’ts of Resume, Helpful Hints Presentation Skills: Importance of Presentation Skills, Capturing Data, Voice & Picture Integration, Guidelines to make Presentation Interesting, Body Language, Voice Modulation, Audience Awareness, Presentation Plan, Visual Aids, Forms of Layout, Styles of Presentation.Interview Preparation: Types of Interview, Preparing for the Interviews, Attending the Interview, Interview Process, Employers Expectations, General Etiquette, Dressing Sense, Postures & Gestures Group Discussion & Expressions, Evaluation Presentation: Definition, Process, Guidelines, Helpful (Note: Every student shall be given 15 minutes. of presentation time & 45 minutes of discussion on his/ her presentation. ) The student will be evaluated on the basis of : his / her presentation style Feedback of Faculty & Students General Etiquette Proficiency in Letter Drafting / Interview PreparationThe paper is internal and at leas t 3 tests will be taken. Best 2 of 3 shall account for final grades (70% Test & 30% Presentation) SEMESER -2 BCA-201. PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly.Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Forms of business organizations and ownership: Sole proprietorship, Partnership, Joint stock company, Public & Private undertakings, Government companies. Management: Meaning & definition of managemen t, nature, scope and its various functions.Section II Planning : nature and purpose, types, steps in planning ,decision making : Strategic , tactical and operational decision, decision making process, rationality in decision making. Organizing : nature, importance, the organizing process, organizational objectives, formal and informal organization, organization chart, span of management : factors determining effective span, Departmentation : definition, departmentation by function, by territory, product/service customer group ; management by objectives (MBO), Delegation, Decentralization v/s centralization.Section III Staffing : definition, manpower management, factors affecting staffing, Recruitment and selection , Performance appraisal . Motivation: theories of Motivation; hierarchy of needs theory, theory of X and theory of Y. Leadership : styles, theories of leadership : trait approach and situational approach, managerial grid. Controlling : meaning & nature , steps in controlli ng , essentials of effective control systems. BCA-202. SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each.Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I System Concepts: Definition, characteristics, elements & types of system.System development life cycle: Recognition of need: Feasibility study Section II system analysis-introduction, information collection, interviews, questionnaires, observation, record searc hing and document analysis, analysis tools, data flow diagram, data dictionary, decision tree, structured English and decision table. Section III System Design: The process and stages of systems design, input/output and file design; System Implementation: System implementation, system testing, implementation process and implementation methods; system maintenance. BCA-203.MATH-I (DISCRETE MATHS) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ________________________ ____________________________________________ Section I Set theory. Relations and functions: Set notations and description, subsets, basic set operations. Venn diagrams, laws of set theory, partition of sets, min sets, duality principle, basic definitions of relations and functions, graphics of relations, properties of relations; injective, surjective and bijective functions, composition. Section II Combinations: Rule of products, permutations, combinations.Algebra of Logic: Propositions and logic operations, truth tables and propositions generated by set, equivalence and implication laws of logic, mathematical system, and propositions over a universe, mathematical induction, quantifiers. Recursion and recurrence: The many faces of recursion, recurrence, relations, and some common recurrence relations, generating functions. Section III Graph theory: Various types of graphics, simple and multigraphs, directed and undirected graphs, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graph, graph connectivity, t raversals, graph optimizations, Graph coloring, trees, spanning trees, rooted trees, binary trees.BCA-204. DATA STRUCTURES INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to Data Structure: Basic concept of data, Problem analysis , algorithm complexity, Big O notation and time space trade off. Stacks & Queues : Basics of stacks and queues, Recursion, Polish notation, circular Queues, priority Queues. Section II Linked Lists : Single linked list, circular linked list, doubly linked list and dynamic storage management, generalized list, Garbage Collection. Trees : Definition & Concepts, Basic trees, Binary tree representations, threaded storage representation, binary tree traversals, and application of trees.Section III Searching and sorting : use of various data structures for searching and sorting, linear and binary search, insertion sort, selection sort, merge sort, bubble sort, quick sort, Heap sort. BCA-205. DIGITAL CIRCUITS & LOGIC DESIGN INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III.The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction : Overview of number system and codes. Elements and functions of digital Logic gates, Gate propagation delay time, logic gates, Gate propagation delay time, and logic gate applications.Boolean algebra: Boolean operations, SOP and POS forms, and simplification using karnaugh maps, Realization of expressions using goals. Section II Combinational logical circuits: design of Binary Adder-Serial, Parallel, Carry look ahead type. Full subtractor, code converters, MUX and DEMUX, encoders and encoders. Sequential logic circuits: Flip flop: R-S, J-K, Master slave J-K, D and T flip-flops using nand gates. Section III Counters: Design of asynchronous and synchronous, updown and programmable counters. Registers: shift registers, various types and the ir applications.Detection and correction codes, detecting and correcting an error. SEMESER -3 BCA-301. MATHS – II (COMPUTER ORIENTED METHODS) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section.INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Matrix Algebra: Introduction of a matrix, its different kinds, matrix addition and scalar multiplication, Multiplication of matrices, Square matrix, Rank of a matrix, Transpose, Adjoint and Inve rse of a matrix Solving simultaneous equations using Gauss elimination method, Gauss Jorden Method and matrix inversion method Section II Statistics : Measures of central tendency.Preparing frequency distribution table, arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, median and mode. Measures of dispersion: Range, mean deviation, standard deviation, co-efficient of variation, moments, Skewness and Kurtosis Differential Calculus: Introduction, Differentiation, Derivative of a Function of One Variable, Power Function, Sum and Product of Two Functions, Function of a Function, Differentiation by method of substitution, Maxima and Minima Section III Integral Calculus: Indefinite Integral, Integration by substitution, integration by parts,, Integration by partial fractions, definite integral.Numerical integration : Trapezoidal method, simpson's 1/3 rule, simpson's 3/8 rule. BCA-302. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section.INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to Systems and Basic Systems Concepts, Types of Systems, The Systems Approach, Information Systems: Definition & Characteristics, Types of Information, Role of Information in Decision – Making, Sub – Systems of an Information system: EDP and MIS, management levels, EDP/MIS/DSS.Section II An overview of Management Information System: Definition & Characteristics, Components of MIS, Frame Wor k for Understanding MIS: Robert Anthony's Hierarchy of Management Activity, Information requirements & Levels of Management, Simon's Model of decision- Making, Structured Vs Un-structured decisions, Formal Vs. Informal systems. Section III Developing Information Systems: Analysis & Design of Information Systems: Implementation & Evaluation, Pitfalls in MIS Development. Functional MIS: A Study of Marketing, Personnel, Financial and Production MIS. BCA-303.SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all q uestions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ Section I Software: Characteristics, Components, Applications, Software Process Models: Waterfall, Spiral, Prototyping, Fourth Generation Techniques, Concepts of Project Management, Role of Metrics & Measurements. S/W Project Planning: Objectives, Decomposition techniques: S/W Sizing, Problembased estimation, Process based estimation, Cost Estimation Models: COCOMO Model, The S/W Equation, Section II System Analysis: Principles of Structured Analysis, Requirement analysis, DFD, Entity Relationship diagram, Data dictionary.S/W Design: Objectives, Principles, Concepts, Design methodologies: Data design, Architectural design, procedural design, Object -oriented concepts Section III Testing fundamentals: Objectives, principles, testability, Test cases: White box & Black box testing, Testing strategies: verification & validation, unit test, integration testing, v alidation testing, system testing BCA-304. OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING USING C++ INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each.The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction: Object oriented programming, characteristics of object orientated languages, classes, C++ basics: Program Statements, Variables and constants, Loops and Decisions.Functions: Defining a function, function arguments & passing by value, arrays & point ers, function & strings, functions & structures. Section II Classes & Objects: Defining class, class constructors and destructors, operator overloading. Class Inheritance: Derived class & base class; Virtual, Friends and Static functions; Multiple inheritance, Polymorphism. Section III Input/output files: Streams, buffers & iostreams, header files, redirection, file input and output. BCA-305. INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B.Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to Microprocessor, its historical background and its applications. INTEL 8085 Introduction, Microprocessor Architecture and its operations, 8085 MPU and its architecture,8085 instruction cycle ,8085 Instructions :Data Transfer instructions, Arithmetic instructions, logical instructions, Branch instructions,RISC v/s CISC processors. Section II INTEL 8086 Introduction, 8086Architecture,real and Protected mode memory Addressing, Memory Paging Addressing Modes. Various types of instructions: Data movement, Arithmetic and logic; and program control.Type of instructions, Pin diagram of 8086, clock generator (8284A) Section III INTERRUPTS: Introduction, 8257 Interrupt controller, basic DMA operation and 8237 DMA Controller, Arithmetic coprocessor, 80X87 Architecture. SEMESER -4 BCA-401. COMPUTER NETWORKS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly.Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Data communications concepts: Digital and analog parallel and serial synchronous and asynchronous, simplex, half duplex, duplex, multiplexing. Communication channels: Wired transmissions: Telephone lines, leased lines, switch line, coaxial cables-base band, broadband, optical fiber transmission.Section II Wireless transmission: Microwave transmission, infrared transmission, laser transmission, radio transmission, and satellite tran smission. Communication switching techniques; Circuit switching, message switching, packet switching. Network reference models; Network topologies, OSI references model, TCP/IP reference model, comparison of OSI and TCI reference model. Section III Data link layer design issue: Services provided to the network layer, framing, error control, flow control HDLC, SDLC, data link layer in the internet (SLIP, PPP).MAC sub layer: CSMA/CD, IEEE standards, FDM, TDM, CDMA. The Network Layer: Design Issues, Routing Algorithms: Optimality principled, shortest path routing, Concept of Internet Working. BCA-402. DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly.Part A will car ry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I An overview of the DBMS: Concept of database system, Database Administrator and his responsibilities. Physical and Logical data independence. Three level Architecture of database system: the external level, conceptual level and the internal level.Introduction to Data Models: Entity Relationship Model, Hierarchical, Network and Relational Model. Comparison of Network, Hierarchical and Relational Model. Section II Relational data model: Relational database, relational algebra and calculus, SQL dependencies, functional, multi-valued and join, normalization. Section III Database protection: Recovery, concurrency, security, integrity and control. Distribute database: Structure of distributed database, design of distributed databases. BCA-403. COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B.Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________Section I Computer Organization & Design: Instruction codes, op-codes, Computer Registers, Computer Instructions, Timing and Control, Instruction Cycle, Memory reference instructions, CPU: Stack Organization, Instruction format, Addressing Formats. Section II Control Unit Architectu re, I/O Architecture: Transfer of Information among I/O devices, CPU, Memory and I/O ports. Section III Memory System: Storage technologies, Memory hierarchy, Memory mapping, Main memory and Auxiliary memory, Associative and Cache memory Introductory study of 8-bit Microprocessor BCA-404.OPERATING SYSTEMS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to Operating System, it s need and Operating System services; Operating System classification – single user, multi-user, simple batch processing, Multiprogramming, Multitasking, Parallel system, Distributed system, Real time system. Process Management : Process Concept, Process scheduling, Overview of InterProcess communication, Section II CPU Scheduling : Basic concepts, Scheduling Criteria, Scheduling Algorithms.Memory Management: Logical Versus Physical address space, Swapping Partition, paging and segmentation, concepts of Virtual Memory. File Management: File concept, access methods, Directory Structure, file protection. Allocation methods: Contiguous, linked and index allocation. Section III Deadlocks: Deadlock Characteristics, Prevention, Avoidance, Detection and Recovery, critical section, synchronization hardware, semaphores, combined approach to deadlock handling. Security: Authentication, Program Threats, System Threats, and Encryption. BCA-405.WORKSHOP ON VISUAL BASIC Develop an Applicat ion using Visual Basic Bank transactions management Hotel Management Gas agency management Office automation Railway reservation Computerisation course registration Hostel management Hospital management Inventory management Competitive examination database Air line reservation Transport management College admission Library management Note: Any Relational Database System can be used as back end. SEMESER -5 BCA-501. INTERNET APPLICATIONS AND JAVA INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B.Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 quest ions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction: Internet Architecture board, understanding the internet.Concept: Working, Surfing and security on the internet. Internet protocols Internet addressing, internet routing protocols internet message protocol, internet group management protocols, internet mail protocol. Internet applications: E-mail, multi cost backbone, net news. Web: World Wide Web advantages of web, web terminology, web access using web browser, locating information on the web. Section II Introduction to Java: Applets, application & JDK, different b/w Java & C++, working with Java objects: Encapsulation, inheritance & polymorphism, constructors.Garbage collection & finalisers, data types, modifies & expressions, array & flow control statements. Section III Exception handling threads, event handling, network programming & Java virtual machines, Java & databases. BCA-502. SYSTEM SOFTWARE INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly.Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to software processors; elements of assembly language programming; assembly scheme, single pass and two pass assembler; general design procedure of a two pass assembler. Section II Macros and Macro processor: macro definition, macro expansion, and features of macro facility, design of macro processor.Overview of compilers – memory all ocation, lexical analysis, syntax analysis, Intermediate code generation and optimization – local and global optimization, code generation. Section III Loaders and linkage editors: Introduction to Loading, linking and relocation, program linking, linkage editors, dynamic linking, bootstrap loader. Other system software: Operating System, DBMS, Functions and structure of Text Editor. BCA-503. COMPUTER GRAPHICS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each.Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ___ __________________________________________________________________ Section I Input devices: Keyboard, Touch panel, light pens, Graphic tablets, Joysticks, Trackball, Data glove, Digitizers, Image scanner, Mouse, Voice & Systems.Hard copy devices: Impact and non impact printers, such as line printer, dot matrix, laser, ink-jet, electrostatic, flatbed and drum plotters. Section II Video Display Devices Refresh cathode -ray tube, raster scan displays, random scan displays, color CRT-monitors, direct view storage tube, flat-panel displays; 3-D viewing devices, raster scan systems, random scan systems, graphics monitors and workstations. Scan conversion algorithms for line, circle and ellipse, Bresenham's algorithms, area filling techniques, character generation.Section III 2-dimensional Graphics: Cartesian and Homogeneous co-ordinate system, Geometric transformations (translation, Scaling, Rotation, Reflection, Shearing), Two-dimensional viewing transformation and clipping (line, polygo n and text). 3-dimensional Graphics: Geometric transformations (translation, Scaling, Rotation, Reflection, Shearing), Mathematics of Projections (parallel & perspective). 3-D viewing transformations and clipping. BCA-504. OPERATION RESEARCH INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each.Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Origin & development of O. R. , Nature & Characteristics features of O. R. Models & Modeling in Opera tion Research. Methodology of O. R. , General methods for solving O. R. Models, O. R. & Decision making, Application, Use & Limitations of O. R. Section II Linear Programming: formulation, Graphical, Big MMethod & Simplex Method, Duality in L. P. : Conversion of Primal to Dual only Transportation Problems: Test for Optimality, Degeneracy in Transportation Problems. Unbalanced Transportation, Assignment Problems, Traveling Salesman Problem. Section III Decision Making : Decision Making Environment, Decision under uncertainty, Decision under risk, Decision tree Analysis.Integer Programming and Dynamic Programming: Concept and Advantages only. SEMESER -6 BCA-601 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Section I Introduction to AI: Definitions, AI problems, the underlying assumption, and AI techniques, Level of Model, Criteria for Success. Problems, Problem Space and Search: defining the problem as a state space search, Production System, Problem Characteristics, Production System Characteristics, issu es in design of search programs. Section II Knowledge Representation Issues: representation and mapping, approaches to knowledge representation, issues in knowledge representation, the frame problem.Knowledge representation using predicate logic: representing simple facts in logic, representing instance and is a relationships, resolution Section III Weak -slot and -filler structures: semantic nets, frames as sets and instances. Strong slot and filler structures: Conceptual dependency, scripts, CYC. Natural language processing: syntactic processing, semantic analysis, discourse and pragmatic processing. BCA-602. HANDING OPERATING SYSTEMS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each.Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Handing Novel NetWare: Introduction, Installation, configuration, managing resources and users.Granting access rights to users. Handing Windows NT Server: Planning: Comparison of Microsoft OS (Windows 95, 98 NT workstation), Workgroups & Domains, choosing disk configuration, choosing Window NT protocols. Section II Installing & configuration Installing windows NT Server, Windows NT & registry, control panel, configuration protocols & bindings, network adapters, peripherals & devices, hard disk, printing & its client computer. Section III Managing resources: Managing users & group account, policies & profiles, system policy with system policy editor, disk resources, working with windows NT, the resources, UNC.Connectivity: Inter operating with NetWare, Configuring remote access service. BCA-603 . Software Lab – X (Major Project Phase – II) Continuation of Major Project started in V semester (Code Generation, system testing, Installation and operations & maintenance) BCA-607. Comprehensive Viva Voce Viva of Full syllabus studied under BCA course. Format of Project Report †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Title Cover Certificate from organozation about your stay (Project Duration) at that place and about submission of work done under external guide at the place of training.Certificate from your guide about the submission of work done under his/her guidance, Internal Supervisor. Table of Contents, abstract of the project (abstract of actual workdone). A brief overview of the organization (regarding function area, location, division in whi ch you are working, turnover) Profile of problems assingned. Study of existing system, if any. System requirements Product Definition Problem Statement Function to be Provided Processing Environment: H/W, S/W.Solution Strategy Acceptance Criteria Feasibility Analysis Project Plan Team Structure Development Schedule Programming Languages And Development Tools †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ System Requirement Specifications Developing / Operating / Maintenance Environments External Interface And Data Flows User display and report format, user command summary High level DFD and data dictionary Functional and performance specifications Design Detailed DFD’s and structure diagrams Data structures, database and file specifications Pseudocode Test Plan Functional, Performance, Stress tests etc.Implementation / Conversion Plan Project Legacy Current status of project Remaining areas of concern Technical and managerial lessons learnt Future recommendations Bibliography Source Code (if available) Note: – The above is meant to serve as a guideline for preparation of your project report. You may add to, modify or omit some of the above-mentioned points depending upon their relevance to your project. You may also consult your internal supervisor for the same.

Essay Free Will Essay

â€Å"Free Will† takes one of the central questions of any religious realm. Whether a human has a freedom in his choice? Whether a human can make a personal, independent decision such us what he should do in each situation? Or are all of his actions predetermined, and the possibility of making a free choice an illusion? Since the time of the Greek philosopher Socrates to modern times, philosophers, theologians, scientists have tried to prove the existence of â€Å"Free Will† or its absence, and as well have to answer to the question do people have real control over their actions? The question, about existence of â€Å"Free Will†, appeared in ancient Greek philosophy. Socrates and his followers believed that the dependence of the lower sensual impulse is an equivalent to slavery, but responsible subordination which was inspired by human mind, means a â€Å"Free Will†. Socrates argued that all humans are looking for the good behavior, but not all equally know what good behavior is. If a person really knows what the true goodness is, then this person wants to do it, but one, who doesn’t know, usually takes imaginary goodness instead of real goodness. Then rushes to reach the imaginary goodness and makes mistakes. This then produces evil deeds. No one is willing to be bad on their own will. This way, moral evil reduced to thoughtlessness, that equal to a lower needs level, and goodness for Socrates, according to Aristotle, expresses of the intellect, which is an equivalent to a â€Å"Free Will†. Which means, only human who doing good things can have â€Å"Free Will†. Based on the foregoing, it is possible to make a conclusion, that by the term â€Å"Free Will†, Socrates understands the qualities that exceptional people have, rather than an integral part of every human being. The idea of â€Å"Free Will† gets a new interpretation with the development of Christianity. If we trace the history of â€Å"Free Will† in the Bible, it is necessary to start with the character of God, who decided on his own and created the universe and all that fills it. The Bible says that man was created in the image and likeness of God. This means that a human is equal to God, and has a consciousness, feelings and will, and has the ability to think and make decisions. Suppose a person is really free in his choice. In such a case, two problems appear right away. According to religious beliefs, everything in this world happens only by the will of God. â€Å"God makes, all he wants, in heaven and on earth. † And no one, including human can’t resist God’s will. How, then, can a person can have any â€Å"Free Will†? If a person is not free, another ethical problem appears. According to Christianity (as well as Islam and Judaism) God rewards man for good behavior and punishes him for his bad. However, if a person cannot choose what he should do in each case, if his actions were predetermined and even corresponded to the will of God, how and why in this case, it is possible to punish humans? And what then is the â€Å"Free Will† for a man? Scientists consider issues related to the freedom of will. With development in science particularly genetic engineering, neuroscience and psychiatry; human view the presence of â€Å"Free Will† has changed. Scientists believe that people do not choose the genotype and the environment, do not choose the other factors affecting their lives. People do not choose in which family to be born, therefore they do not choose hereditary genes that are the most meaningful way determine our lives. Some genes predisposing to a human disease, some genes determining appearance, behavior, intellectual abilities all of them affect our lives. According to scientists, human body is as a kind of machine, established and acting at the direction of the external forces that cause it to work in certain way. This point of view is a concern because it is mean that people cannot be responsible for their behavior in any situation. No one has found the answer to the question of whether people have the â€Å"Free Will† or is it just an illusion. But in any case, a human has the right to follow the path of good or choice the path of evil. All humans exist like cells in a single large organism called â€Å"the universe. † World created from all its parts or elements. Each element contributes to the world their personal characteristic; effects and change world’s destiny. It may be weak and insignificant in the overall system of the world, but it is exists. It operates within certain limits on domestic fundamentals essence and nature. Without any of these elements would be a different world.

Industry and risk analysis

Industry and risk analysis Discuss the future outlook and industry trends related to the new venture The new the venture is a healthy snacks business that target mostly, commuters in the transport industry and also households within the country. In Kenya through improved infrastructure transport industry has been growing steadily. This has been evident in major towns and cities such as Nairobi, Kisumu, Mombasa, Thika, Nakuru and Eldoret just to mention but a few. In addition to this, food industry has become a giant sector in this era of increased urbanization coupled with globalization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Industry and risk analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As population growth increases and demand for food also rise, food industry has played a great role in that it has made food available all the year round even when food crops have failed. It has been able to achieve this through technological innovation in food processi ng and preservation which has increased the shelf life of food stuffs. For this reason, people have been able to access foods from many outlets even in regions where certain types of foods are not grown. Food industry is increasingly becoming a very important sector in any economy simply because it has made food available in ready to eat form; some of the processed foods take lesser time to prepare as they are precooked during processing and have made some foods which are only found during certain seasons to be available during all the year round. In relation to transport industry which is growing steadily, it is projected that the industry of new venture will also grow. There is marked by economic growth in the country and this translates that potential consumers have relatively high purchasing power. Also, this is very important because with growing economy of the country people are able to transact as they move from one point to another. Though the country had experienced politic al instability three years ago, there seems to be a stable political climate with ushering in of new constitution in the country. Snacking is very common with commuters. Commuters will tend to have snacks in bus terminals as they are about to travel while others buy food snacks to eat when on transit. This is a clear indication that provided the business will offer products that are tailored to meet consumers’ needs there is market for these products and that the future outlook of the business is bright. Discuss the legal or concerns related to the venture idea A sole proprietorship kind of business in Kenya does not have many legal formalities. To start with there need to be a business name which should be applied at a registrar of business so that certificate of registration can be issued. The business needs to apply for trading license from city council because it will be situated at Nairobi City in the central business district.Advertising Looking for essay on bus iness economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is necessary because it will enable the government to earn revenue. In addition, business needs to conform to public health laws such as Food and Drug Act that governs business that deal in food commodities for sale to the public of Kenya. Discuss the approach to raising capital for the venture There are number of approaches which can be used to raise capital for this new venture. In order to be able to have a breakthrough in raising business capital, a business plan should be prepared. Business plan acts as financial tool which provide adequate information to facilitate secure capital particularly in form of loan from financing institutions. The first approach to consider when raising the capital for the business is bootstrapping. This is where one uses any resources at disposal to get business started. Basically, this is in formed of home-equity loans and personal loan s. Another approach is use of family and friends. Though this approach is not formal, family members and colleagues can help to raise needed capital. Using personal loans is another approach to raise business capital. This can be in form of re-investment into the business. A step further can be taken for more capital if it is needed. This can be through cash out credit card transfers or home equity loans. However, when using such methods to have initial capital for a start up business it can be extremely risky and therefore need to be done with a lot of care ( Berkery, 2007). Suppliers can also be used to provide business capital. This is in form of product development which necessitates customization with such suppliers for them to be able to respond positively. By guaranteeing that business will be able to pay for their material they have provided perhaps by holding inventory they may agree to support business through raw materials for making business products. Some large supplier s may have some funds that have been kept aside purposely for investing in rising up businesses that would facilitates expand their investment portfolios and businesses. Besides this , they help business have steady follow of supply of the products they supply because they understand new venture vertical market well and may have competitive rates for their products (Pride, Hughes Kapoor, 2008). Bank loan is another alternative approach though not that relatively easy to obtain especially for start up business. Most of the bank will often take into consideration those businesses which have been operating for at least two years. This is due to the fact that they prefer seeing assets which are tangible that can be used as collateral.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Industry and risk analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If such methods mentioned above do not work or fail to raise the needed capital to start the bu siness, selling partial business ownership can be a last resort. This involves selling business ownership in form of ownership interest or stock. Lastly, venture capitalists can be potential sources of business capital. They are wealthy persons who specialize in providing start up capital for coming up business in form of equity capital (Berkery, D. 2007). Discuss the obstacles to raising capital for the venture One of the challenges in raising capital for the business is that when you sell the ownership interest or shares of stock as a proprietor you sell the equity and you are bound to loose control of the business because you are not sole decision maker in matters of running the business. Another obstacle is that when one opts for using family and friend as a way of raising business which is an informal way, it may bring problems in future. It is not advisable to mix business and social relationships because this may interfere with business policy. Even though venture capitalists are potential sources of business capital, they are not easy to find. Also, personal loans to provide start-up capital for the business can be a reasonable option. Nevertheless, it can be extremely risky because in case business run at a loss one is bound to incur all the risk alone and this means that the proprietor will loose all that had been invested in the business (Sutton, 2009). References Berkery, D. (2007). Raising venture capital for the serious entrepreneur. Columbus: McGraw-Hill. Pride, W. M., Hughes, R. J., Kapoor, J. R. (2008). Business. Florence: Cengage Learning. Sutton, G. (2009). The challenges of raising money with equity financing. Retrieved from: https://www.allbusiness.com/